15th June 1959 Chinese gooseberry becomes kiwifruit
The prominent produce company Turners and Growers announced that they would from now on export the Chinese gooseberry under the name ‘kiwifruit’. Introduced to this country in 1904, kiwifruit are now grown worldwide, with New Zealand-grown fruit marketed as ‘Zespri’.
Despite the name, kiwifruit are not native to New Zealand. Seeds were brought to New Zealand in 1904 by Mary Isabel Fraser, the principal of Wanganui Girls’ College, who had been visiting mission schools in China. The seeds were planted in 1906 by a Whanganui nurseryman, Alexander Allison, and the vines first fruited in 1910. People thought it had a gooseberry flavour and began to call it the Chinese gooseberry. It is not related to the Grossulariaceae family to which gooseberries belong.
New Zealand began exporting the fruit to the US in the 1950s. This was the height of the Cold War and the term Chinese gooseberry was a marketing nightmare for Turners and Growers. Their first idea, ‘melonettes’, was equally unpopular with US importers because melons and berries were subject to high import tariffs. In June 1959, Jack Turner suggested the name kiwifruit during a Turners and Growers management meeting in Auckland. This was adopted and later became the industry-wide name.
The Bay of Plenty town of Te Puke markets itself as the ‘Kiwifruit Capital of the World’. It was here that New Zealand’s kiwifruit industry began. Italy is now the leading producer of kiwifruit in the world, followed by China, New Zealand, Chile, France, Greece, Japan and the US. Most New Zealand kiwifruit is now marketed under the brand-name Zespri, partly as a way of distinguishing ‘Kiwi kiwifruit’ from that produced by other countries.
Image information (Te Ara)
Roger Bennett 